A.moschatus is an erect, annual or biennial, hirsute herb. The leaves are polymorphous: the lower, ovate and acute; the upper, palmately 3-7 lobed; the flowers are bright yellow, large, usually solitary and axillary, sometimes in few-flowered racemes; the capsules are ovate, acute and hispid; the seeds are sub-reniform, black and musk-scented. The crushed seeds, on steam distillation, yield a volatile oil, known as musk seed oil or ambrette seed oil.
Principal Constituents
The oil from the seeds is rich in linoleic acid and contains a-cephalin, phosphatidylserine, its plasmalogen and phosphatidylcholine plasmalogen. The characteristic musk-like odor of the seed oil is mainly due to the presence of a ketone, ambrettelide, a lactone of ambrettolic acid1. The chemical constituents of the essential oil of the seeds are: trans-2-trans-6-farnesyl acetate and ambrettolide, cis-2-cis-6- farnesyl acetate, cis-2-trans-6-farnesyl acetate, ethyl hexadecanate, ethyl laurate and trans-2-trans-6-farnesol2.
Pharmacology
The mucilaginous seeds are emollients and demulcents. The mucilage has shown anticomplementary activity in human serum and hypoglycemic activity in mice3.
Indications
The seeds are valued medicinally for their diuretic, demulcent and stomachic properties. They are also said to be stimulant, antiseptic, cooling, tonic, carminative and aphrodisiac.
References
- Guenther, VI, 174; Krishna & Badhwar, loc. cit.; Wehmer, II, 756, West et. al., 201.
- Hort Abstr, 1993, 63, 607.
- Duke, 1985, 1-2; Cravo et. al., Flav & Fragr J, 1992, 7, 65; Chem Abstr, 1989, 111, 146284.
|
History